We're thrilled to welcome a new member to our team. Meet Taras, our new blog writer! Taras brings another voice, as well as a hell of a...

Phosphorus pollution is a common frustration for both freshwater and marine aquarists. Phosphorus is easily imported via organic sources...

PNS YelloSno is markedly different. Thus, we’ve gotten a lot of inquiries about it over the last couple of years.

Pondkeepers as well as freshwater and marine aquarists (especially in commercial operations) are increasingly relying on purple...

Tropical coral reef ecosystems are oligotrophic (i.e., nutrient-poor) environments with nitrogenous macronutrients such as ammonia in...

In recent years, we’ve seen a heightened interest in probiotic products throughout the aquarium industry. This development closely...

Not so long ago, when Hydrospace first opened for business, we proudly declared that we “continuously strive to increase the quality,...

It's rather easy to become obsessed with the stunningly beautiful and diverse cichlids of the African Great Rift Lakes. Intelligent,...

Ultimately, all life on Earth depends upon the presence of certain forms of bacteria. The coral holobiont—composed of a group of...

The natural nutrient recycling carried out between plants and animals promotes a healthier captive environment for both. However, the...

At this time, the use of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) for bioremediation of agricultural water assets is most common in East Asian...

Since its first documented occurrence in U.S. waterways in 1942, Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) has proven to be...

Purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacteria are flagellated, gram-negative proteobacteria. They have been a vital component of food webs for eons....