The potential of PNSB as probiotics in aquaculture is still being explored; future developments could further enhance their application.

The intensification of aquaculture has necessitated the exploration of innovative solutions to improve sustainability and productivity....

Mangroves are one of those keystone species which have the potential to redefine the greater aquarium hobby. Mangroves are organisms...

As we stand at the cusp of a new era, PNS bacteria continue to evolve as indispensable assets in aquaculture and aquarium management.

PNS bacteria can do a lot to improve aquarium animals’ diets all the way down the food chain–from protists to copepods to fish and corals.

The word ‘probiotic’ can mean different things in different discussions. Most often, it refers to microbes that benefit a host organism...

For millennia, humans have utilized fermentation to produce an enormous variety of beneficial products. Early Europens fermented hops and...

The ability to ‘scale up’ larger cultures from an initial purchase is one of the highest criteria I have for evaluating the worth of any...

In a paper recently published in Environmental Microbiology, researchers examined the microbiome (for both taxonomy and function) in the...

Not all microbes are created equal. Each phylum, class, family, genus, species, strain and cell is imparted with a particular genetic...

Purple non-sulfur bacteria represent the vanguard of our growing library of powerful probiotics. How do they differ from each other?

DMSP accumulation can negatively impact coral health (e.g. RTN). Meet the bacteria that reduce this risk.

Diazotrophy is the ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3). This magical process allows otherwise...

America Loves Shrimp. This remains a persistent truth as over 500,000 metric tons of shrimp are consumed in the United States each year....

Pigments are organic molecules of unbelievable power. Bacteria, archaea, algae, plants and other photoautotrophs create pigments to...

We all agree that it is critically important to “cycle” an aquarium before stocking sensitive animals such as fish, clams, etc. But we...

Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are potent and multifaceted biofiltration agents. Due to their Swiss army knife metabolism, PNSB such...

Every aquarist possesses a baseline knowledge of nitrification. This is the oxidization of ammonia into nitrate by certain aerobic...

It’s totally understandable if you have a few questions about dosing the PNS (purple non-sulfur) bacteria-based products PNS ProBio, PNS...

In the aquarium hobby, there are Good Tanks and there are Bad Tanks. Good Tanks are stable, do not experience abrupt fluxes in water...